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The Natural Beauty Of Ruby by Victor Epand

In the world of gemstones ruby is the leader. Ruby is red so it represents the color of love, which is why people are so fascinated with this gemstone. Ruby is also the July birthstone. It has been considered one of the most valuable gemstones for thousands of years. This precious stone has brilliant color excellent hardness and it is extremely rare.
Rubies are the red members of the corundum family of minerals. Corundum of any other color--blue, pink, yellow, etc, is called sapphire. Corundum is colorless in its pure form. Traces of elements such as chrome, iron and titanium give corundum color. Only red corundum is called ruby. All other colors are classified as sapphires. The relationship between sapphire and ruby has only been recognized since the beginning of the 19th century.
The red color of ruby is its most important feature. Its transparency is its secondary feature. Inclusions don't impair the quality of a ruby unless they decrease the transparency of the stone. Inclusions in a ruby may actually be considered its fingerprint or statement of individuality, and at the same time proof of it genuineness. The cut of this gemstone is essential. Only a perfect cut will underline the beauty of this precious stone.
For many years India was regarded as the ruby's country of origin. You will find a wealth of knowledge about gemstones in much of Indian literature that has been handed down through generations.
However, lately there has been talk about East Africa as a source of rubies. After their discovery in the 1960s, rubies from Kenya and Tanzania surprised experts by their beautiful strong color, which may vary from light to dark red. But fine and clear rubies of good color and purity are extremely rare in African mines. Usually the qualities found are average.
There have been many imitation rubies on the market for many years. Usually, only an expert can tell the difference between a real and an imitation ruby. Ruby was the first gemstone to be manmade with imitations dating back to 1880. Many people have unknowingly purchased initiation rubies. Many times they don't find out until they bring it to an antique jeweler.
You should only buy ruby jewelry from a reputable dealer who knows what they are selling and who will disclose any treatments that have been performed on the gemstones
High quality, natural rubies are very rare and expensive and should be accompanied by a certificate of authenticity.

Victor Epand is an expert consultant about jewelry and diamonds. When looking for jewelry, we recommend you shop at these sites for diamond gems, loose diamonds, Diamond Rings, ruby jewelry, fashion earrings, fashion pendants, engagement rings, Wedding Rings, and wedding bands.

Article Source: http://www.earticlesonline.com/Article/The-Natural-Beauty-Of-Ruby/415981

Is natural ruby gemstone used in spaceships?

if yes, why? in which respect? for what qualities?

No, not even Russians use natural ruby gemstone for their the spaceships/rockets.

Natural ruby is a red gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide), but only industry which uses it in the natural form -- is jewellery, because synthetic corundum (ruby) is easy to produce and it cost a lot cheaper. A synthetic ruby crystal was used to create the first laser. Ruby laser can be used for surveying and ranging. For example, pulsed ruby laser was used to measure the distance between Earth and Moon by Apollo 11 and Apollo 14 astronauts who put corner reflectors on the surface of the Moon

Generally, synthetic corundum (ruby) used for:

1. Lasers

Ruby is an aluminum oxide crystal in which some of the aluminum atoms have been replaced with chromium atoms. Chromium gives ruby its characteristic red color and is responsible for the lasing behavior of the crystal. Chromium atoms absorb green and blue light and emit or reflect only red light. For a ruby laser, a crystal of ruby is formed into a cylinder. A fully reflecting mirror is placed on one end and a partially reflecting mirror on the other. A high-intensity lamp is spiraled around the ruby cylinder to provide a flash of white light that triggers the laser action. The green and blue wavelengths in the flash excite electrons in the chromium atoms to a higher energy level. Upon returning to their normal state, the electrons emit their characteristic ruby-red light. The mirrors reflect some of this light back and forth inside the ruby crystal, stimulating other excited chromium atoms to produce more red light, until the light pulse builds up to high power and drains the energy stored in the crystal.

2. Abrasives

Corundum having a bright and glassy lustre, splintery and devoid of cleavage plane and inclusions is preferred by industry for the manufacture of superior grade abrasives. The corundum is crushed, ground and screened to grain sizes varying from 100 to 300 mesh. The grains are utilized in the manufacture of grinding wheels for flour and rice mills, and workshops.

3. Other uses

Corundum in small quantities is used in the manufacture of special sparking plugs, muffles, pyrometer tubes, rod and insulator for vacuum tubes of all kinds and crucibles. Finely ground corundum, passing through 200 mesh, the alumina content not below 90%, is used for the manufacture of the above products by giving a bond of clay.